Rosanna O’Connor, director of the alcohol, drugs and tobacco division at Public Health England said: "Parks and outdoor spaces should be healthy environments for people of all ages to enjoy. Smoke free outdoor spaces will help de-normalise smoking in our society by reducing the number of smoking role models for children.”
The plans were also backed by the former Mayor of New York City, Michael Bloomberg, who has brought in legislation to ban smoking in the city’s parks and beaches.
“London’s new initiative would be a major achievement, because no other capital city boasts so much parkland,” he said.
Lights out: smoking bans in other cities
New York Smoking is banned in the 800-acre Central Park, as well as in all other parks, beaches, boardwalks and golf courses. People who break the law are liable to a $50 (£30) fine.
Toronto Laws prohibit lighting up either inside or within nine metres of the entrance or exit of most public buildings, including shopping malls, offices, restaurants, bars and cafés. Smoking is also banned within nine metres of any outdoor activity area.
Hong Kong Smoking is banned on all public beaches and in both the indoor and the outdoor areas of some buildings, with fines of HK$1,500 (£120).
For Lloyd, the image on the chest of the delicate, doe-eyed gang member brought back a rush of memories. The snapshot was taken inside the sheriff's Pico Rivera station after Garcia was arrested in a routine traffic stop and booked on suspicion of driving with a suspended license.
Before they are released, suspected gang members typically are asked to remove their shirts and have their tattoos photographed by graffiti team deputies. Taggers often mark their own bodies with the same signatures they spray on buses and storefronts — and eyewitnesses to crimes sometimes help close cases by recalling distinctive tattoos.
Homicide Lt. Dave Dolson said gang members frequently get symbolic tattoos to bolster their street cred: three dots on the hand to signify "mi vida loca" ("my crazy life"), sketches of prisons where they've done time, gang insignia prominently stenciled on their heads and torsos.
But a tattoo laying out a detailed picture of a crime scene is something far outside the norm. "I haven't seen it before, and I haven't heard of anything like it either," Dolson said.
Garcia's tattoo shows a man with the body of a peanut being hit by bullets and falling back toward the liquor store. In gang slang, the word "peanut" is used to derisively describe a rival gang member.
Lloyd had been at the scene of the Pico Rivera killing as a station sergeant. After he recognized it in the tattoo, the 30-year veteran called up the cold case file. He pored over the crime scene photographs alongside the photos of Garcia's chest. He also drove to the site of the slaying.
"I worked Pico Rivera a lot of years, so I'm pretty familiar with that area," he said. "It was incredible."
With the help of major crimes investigators, deputies found Garcia living with relatives in La Habra. They arrested him and began setting up a ruse to secure his conviction.
A detective posing as a Los Angeles gang member who'd been arrested on attempted murder charges was placed in Garcia's Norwalk station jail cell. He soon got Garcia talking, sheriff's investigators said. Garcia was proud, and he bragged about the shooting. He didn't know the conversation was being recorded and that it would soon be played for a jury.
But perhaps it was all bound to end up this way, said Capt. Mike Parker.
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